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<p><b>Jacques Caffieri</b> (25 August 1678, <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> – 25 November 1755, Paris) was a French sculptor, working for the most part in bronze.

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<p>Jacques Caffiéri was the fifth son of <a href="Philippe_Caffieri_(1634-1716)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Caffieri (1634-1716)">Philippe Caffieri (1634-1716)</a>, the founder of this family of artists. Jacques was received a <i>maître fondeur-ciseleur</i> by 1715, the date of his first known work, a design for a pall for the <i>Corporation des Fondeurs-Ciseleurs</i>, one of two Parisian <a href="Guild" title="Guild">guilds</a> that oversaw works cast in metal, from full-scale sculptures to gilt-bronze furniture mounts, wall-lights and candlesticks. As <i>fondeurs-ciseleurs</i>, "casters and finishers", the renown of the <a href="Caffieri_family" title="Caffieri family">Caffieri family</a> has centred on Jacques, though later it is not easy to distinguish between Jacques' work and that of Jacques' son, the younger Philippe (1714–1777).

</p><p>Caffieri was attached as <i>fondeur-ciseleur</i> to the <a href="B%C3%A2timents_du_Roi" title="Bâtiments du Roi">Bâtiments du Roi</a> in 1736. A large proportion of his brilliant achievement as a designer and chaser in <a href="Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and other metals was executed for the crown at <a href="Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>, <a href="Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Fontainebleau" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a>, <a href="Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Marly" title="Château de Marly">Marly</a>, <a href="Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Château de Compiègne">Compiègne</a>, <a href="Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Choisy" title="Château de Choisy">Choisy</a> and the <a href="Ch%C3%A2teau_de_La_Muette" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de La Muette">Château de La Muette</a>, and the crown, ever in his debt, still owed him money at his death. Philippe and his son Jacques undoubtedly worked together in the Appartement du Dauphin at Versailles, and although much of their contribution has disappeared, the gilt-bronze decorations of the marble chimney-piece still remain. They belong to the best of full-blown <a href="Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> style; vigorous and graceful in design, they are executed with splendid skill.

</p><p>After the elder Philippe's death in 1716, Jacques continued to work for the crown, but had many private clients. From the Caffieri workshop in rue des Canettes came an amazing amount of work, chiefly in the shape of those gilt-bronze furniture mounts which adorned furniture by the best <i><a href="%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">ébénistes</a></i> of Paris. Little of his achievement was ordinary; an astonishingly large proportion of it is famous. In the <a href="Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a>, London,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the royal <i>commode</i> delivered by <a href="Antoine-Robert_Gaudreau" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine-Robert Gaudreau">Antoine-Robert Gaudreau</a>, <i>ébéniste du Roi</i>, in 1739 for Louis XV's bedchamber at Versailles: it is richly mounted with an integrated series of corner mounts, <i>chutes</i> and <i>sabots</i>, and the drawer-fronts and a single composition into which the handles are fully integrated. It must have been the result of close cooperation between Caffiéri and Gaudreau, who was responsible for the veneered carcase. In 1747 Caffiéri supplied gilt-bronze mounts for the marble chimneypiece in the Dauphin's bedroom at Versailles. Caffieri also produced gilt-bronze cases for clocks, both mantel clocks and the <i>cartel</i> clocks that combined clock and bracket in one unified design, to be mounted on a wall. A detailed inventory of the Caffieri workshop made in 1747 enables scholars to identify some unsigned clockcases from the workshop: a fully Rococo cartel clock with a movement by Julien Le Roy is at the Getty Museum: it is inscribed <i>fait par Caffiery</i> in a <a href="Cartouche_(design)" title="Cartouche (design)">cartouche</a> below the dial.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1740, Caffieri's wife purchased a royal privilege, which allowed the Caffieri workshop to gild bronze as well as cast it within the same workshop; ordinarily the processes were divided between two Parisian <i>corporations</i>, jealous of their jurisdictions, the <i>fondeurs-ciseleurs</i> and the <i>ciseleurs-doreurs</i>.

</p><p>His signature incised in gilt-bronze kept his name alive in the nineteenth century<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and gained him an entry in <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> 1911, though the extreme <a href="Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> style of which he was a consummate master laid his work open to disapproving commentary.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two monumental gilt-bronze chandeliers in the <a href="Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a>, London,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bear his signature; one of them was a wedding present from Louis XV to <a href="Louise-Elisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise-Elisabeth of France">Louise-Elisabeth of France</a> in 1739; the other is signed and dated 1751. The famous astronomical clock made by C.-S. Passement and Dauthiau for Louis XV, 1749–1753, is housed in a <a href="Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> case signed by Caffieri. Another clock, with a movement by Balthasar Martinot in an extreme Rococo style gilt-bronze case, belongs to the Duke of Buccleuch, at <a href="Boughton_House" title="Boughton House">Boughton House</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pair of fire-dogs signed and dated 1752 is in the <a href="Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two large gilt-bronze mirror-frames by Caffieri, to a design by <a href="Ange-Jacques_Gabriel" title="Ange-Jacques Gabriel">Ange-Jacques Gabriel</a>, were intended as a gift to the <a href="List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultan of Turkey</a>; the price was an astonishing 24,982 <i>livres</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>He made a great cross and six candlesticks for the high altar of <a href="Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>, which disappeared in the <a href="French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, but similar work for <a href="Bayeux_Cathedral" title="Bayeux Cathedral">Bayeux Cathedral</a> still exists. A wonderful enamelled toilet set which he executed for the Princess of Asturias has also disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1737 and 1735 respectively, Jacques Caffieri cast the busts of Jean Victor de Besenval de Brunstatt (1671–1736) and of his late father, Jean Victor Pierre Joseph Besenval (1638–1713). The busts, at least one of which was part of the collection of <a href="Pierre_Victor%2C_baron_de_Besenval_de_Brunstatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Victor, baron de Besenval de Brunstatt">Pierre Victor, Baron de Besenval de Brunstatt</a>, according to Louis Abel de Bonafous, Abbé de <a href="Abbey_of_Fontenay" title="Abbey of Fontenay">Fontenay</a> (1737–1806), it was the bust that showed the baron's father, Jean Victor de Besenval de Brunstatt, and which the baron kept in his cabinet at the <a href="H%C3%B4tel_de_Besenval" title="Hôtel de Besenval">Hôtel de Besenval</a>, were both shown at the exhibition <i>L’Art Français sous Louis XIV et sous Louis XV,</i> which was held in Paris in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-FrenchArchitectsSculptors_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrenchArchitectsSculptors-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FrenchFurnitureDecoration_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrenchFurnitureDecoration-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WrightsmanCollection564_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WrightsmanCollection564-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Luc-Vincent_Thiéry_574_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luc-Vincent_Thiéry_574-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>Jacques Caffiéri was joined in the workshop by his son, the younger <a href="Philippe_Caffi%C3%A9ri_(1714-1774)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Caffiéri (1714-1774)">Philippe Caffiéri</a> (1714–1774), who also was received as a <i>maître fondeur-ciseleur</i> and who sometimes signed his independent works, especially after the death of his father in 1755, <small>P.CAFFIERI</small>. The younger Philippe's style was gradually modified by the new taste for <a href="Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a>. Like his father, he drew large sums from the crown, usually after giving many years credit, while many other years were needed by his heirs to get in the balance of the royal indebtedness.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Philippe's younger brother, <a href="Jean-Jacques_Caffieri" title="Jean-Jacques Caffieri">Jean-Jacques Caffieri</a> (1725–1792), was a sculptor, appointed <i>sculpteur du Roi</i> to Louis XV and later afforded lodgings in the Galeries du Louvre. He designed the fine <i>rampe d'escalier</i> which still adorns the <a href="Palais_Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais Royal">Palais Royal</a>. He is better known for his portrait busts, in terracotta or marble: his bust of <a href="Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a> is at the <a href="Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, St Petersburg. He made a name with his busts of <a href="Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a> and <a href="Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> for the foyer of the <a href="Com%C3%A9die_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Comédie Française">Comédie Française</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=6185">Wall Clock (Getty Museum)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060917233938/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=6185">Archived</a> 2006-09-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilt-bronze objects in Rococo style boldly signed CAFFIERI were made in the nineteenth century; "usually, however, they are not difficult to identify" F.J.B. Watson observed in 1966 (p564)</span>

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<li id="cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Caffieri,_Jacques" class="extiw external" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Caffieri, Jacques">Caffieri, Jacques</a>". <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 945.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boughtonhouse.org.uk/htm/tour/stairhall.htm">illustration</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Severance collection, 72 and 73.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson 1966, II, p 564.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FrenchArchitectsSculptors-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FrenchArchitectsSculptors_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lady Emilia Dilke: <i>French architects and sculptors of the XIIIth century,</i> George Bell and sons, York Street, Covent Garden, London, 1900, pp. 116–117</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FrenchFurnitureDecoration-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FrenchFurnitureDecoration_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lady Emilia Dilke: <i>French furniture and decoration in the XIIIth century,</i> George Bell and sons, York Street, Covent Garden, London, 1901, p. 132</span>

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<li id="cite_note-WrightsmanCollection564-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WrightsmanCollection564_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. J. B. Watson (Sir Francis John Bagott Watson): <i>The Wrightsman Collection,</i> volumes I and II, Furniture, Gilt Bronze and Mounted Porcelain, Carpets, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by New York Graphic Society, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1966/68, p. 564</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Luc-Vincent_Thiéry_574-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luc-Vincent_Thiéry_574_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Luc-Vincent Thiéry: <i>Guide des amateurs et des étrangers voyageurs à Paris,</i> tome II, chapitre 'Hôtel de M. le Baron de Besenval,' Libraire Hardouin & Gattey, Paris, 1787, p. 574</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacques_Caffieri" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Jacques Caffieri">Jacques Caffieri</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li>Francis J.B. Watson, <i>The Wrightsman Collection</i> (Metropolitan Museum of Art), 1966, vol. I, no. 217ab, vol. II pp 563f (biography of Jacques Caffiéri).</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903155008/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=990">(Getty Museum) Jacques Caffiéri</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684325#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata615" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684325#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata615" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/96050251">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500055244">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/238734">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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